Scientists and their legacies
Fresnel Lenses
Many eminent scientists are remembered by the units of measurements, devices or interesting effects that bear their name.

Here are a few of them:

Ampere - unit of electric current - after French mathematician and physicist Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836).

Avogadro constant - the number of particles in one mole of substance - after Italian mathematician and physicist Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro (1776-1856).

Bequerel - unit of radioactivity - after French physicist Henri Becquerel (1852-1908).

Bernoulli principle - states pressure in a moving fluid becomes less as the speed rises - after Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782).

Boyle's law - states, where mass and temperature of gas remain unchanged, product of pressure and volume is constant - after English physicist and biologist Robert Boyle (1627-1691).

Celsius - unit of temperature - after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-1744).

Coulomb - unit of electric charge - after French engineer Charles Coulomb (1736-1806).

Doppler effect - apparent frequency change of waves when the source is moving to or from the observer - after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler (1803-1853).

Farad - unit of capacitance - after English physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867).

Foucault pendulum - a long pendulum whose plane of motion changes with the earth's rotation - after French physicist Jean Foucault (1819-1868).

Fresnel lenses - lenses consisting of concentric rings of varying cross section to produce a large diameter but flattened lens giving a parallel beam - after Augustic Jean Fresnel (1788-1827).

Galvanometer - measures small electric currents - after Italian scientist Luigi Galvani (1737-1798).

Geiger-Muller tube - radiation detector - after German physicist Hans Geiger (1882-1945).

Golgi apparatus - membranous structures within the cytoplasm of cells - afterItalian cytologist and histologist Camillo Golgi (1843-1926).

Halley's comet - comet that orbits the sun every 76 years, due again in 2061 - after British astronomer, physicist and mathematician Edmund Halley (1656-1742).

Heisenberg's unceartainty principle - states, it its impossible to specify precisely both the position and the momentum of a particle at the same time - after German physicist Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901-1976).

Hertz - unit of frequency - after German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894).

Hooke's law - states, in an elastic body the strain induced is directly proportional to the applied stress - after British physicist and microscopist Robert Hooke (1635-1703).

Joule - unit of energy - after British physicist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889).

Kelvin - unit of temperature - after Scottish physicist William Thompson Lord Kelvin (1824-1907).

Mach number - the ratio of the speed of a vehicle in relation to the speed of sound in the same medium and conditions. Supersonic speeds are greater than mach 1 - after Austrian physicist Ernst Mach (1838-1916).

Newton - unit of force - after English scientist Isaac Newton (1642-1726).

Pascal - unit of pressure - after French scientist and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-1662).

Van de Graaff machine - produces high voltage by electrostatic means - after American physicist Robert Van de Graaff (1901-1967).


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